Oil burner



J. D. PESCE OIL 'BURNER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed nec. 14, 1954 B-Y, @am

ATTQ RNE v.

5 Dec. 10, 1957 JqD. PESCE 2,815,985

' OIL BURNER Filed Dec. 14, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

Jqseph BPesce M www ATTORNE Y.

OIL BURNER Joseph D. Pesce, `Floral Park, N. Y.

Application December 14, 1954, Serial No. `475,094

9 Claims. (Cl. 299-118) This invention relates to fuel burners'for oilifurnaces and particularly to such burners designedfor atomization of the fueloil at several different rates.

The burning range of straight mechanical Jatomizers is about 1.7 to 1. 'This range is far tooilow because it requires a large number of small burners .as well as the cutting in and cutting out by `hand off theseburners to cover the `operating range, both of which are 'objectionable features. The range of the return flow type atomizer foroil burners is about three or four to one, which is not .enough forthe operating rangeand consequently burners must be cut'in and :out by hand. Furthermore, ltheI characteristics of thistype arenot suitablefor automatic 'control, and are quite critical and sensitive, frequently resulting in poor combustion. lIn general, the service--perform 'ance 'of thereturn iiow type atomizer for oil burners has been unsatisfactory.

To' meet modernrequireinents particularly on ships, oil burners should Y.operate with a range of atleast 10 to l and the'burners should operate'efticiently at the minimum `boiler capacity inV partwhich is Vabout three percent.

=which will provide better controlof the burning range.

-It is still another object of the present invention'to provide a burner capable of eiiicient operation iat: several rates and obviating the necessity for Vfrequent changing of burners with changes in the load onthe furnaces.

Other objects 'of thevpresentinvention kareto provi-de Va fuel oil burner bearingthe above 'objectszinmind which `is l of simple construction, inexpensive to manufacture has-a minimum number `of parts, is easy to use andeicient inoperation.

For other objects and a better understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the following detailed description taken in connection with the laccompanying drawing, in which:

.Figure 1 is a longitudinal secti-onal view of a; preferred embodiment of ,the Linvention and shown adjusted for 10W capacity burning;

Fig. 2 isa detail jof a portion of Fig. l, namely .the nozzle body;

VFig. 3 isafront elevational-viewthereof looking from the lrightoffl:ig.;1;

Fig. 4 is 'at-transverse sectional View taken along-the line 4-4 of'Fig..2;

Fig. .5 is .1a transverse `sectional tview-taken `alongthe line S- of-Fig. 2; and

Fig. 6 isa rearV elevational View thereof taken` frornfthe 4left of Fig. .1.

rates `Patent Referring now more iti-detail to the drawing, theburner .izer barrel 14, the barrel 14 being integrally formed with a shoulder `or flange 15 adapted to abut the forward end of the enlarged portion 13 when the parts are in operative assembly. The enlarged portion 13 and central section 11 are provided with a central bore 16 which connects the inlet '12 with the barrel 14.

The rear end of the central section 11 is integrally formed with the enlarged portion 17 having a smooth central bore 18 and an enlarged smooth bore 19 forming vwithbore 13 a shoulder 20. The enlarged rear end 17 is also provided with an enlarged internally threaded bore 21 communicating with bore'19 and into which is screwed `astufling gland indicated generally at 22, the inner end ofithegland 22 abutting the packing 2.3.

The central section 11 is provided with an internally threaded bore '24 which connects the bore 16 with an enlargedcylindrical bore 25 provided in the enlarged porltion 17, which latter connects with the central bore 1S (Fig. 1).

An operating shaft is provided and inclu-des an elongated cylindrical portion 26 which extends through the latornizer body 10 and the barrel 14, an Aexternally threaded portion 27 adjustable within the internally'threaded `bore 24 and received within the enlarged bore -2'5 and a reduced cylindrical extension 2S which extends through a smooth central bore Z9 provided in the gland 22, substantially las illustrated. Thus, upon rotation of the operating shaft in a manner to be hereinafter described, the 4shaft will move longitudinally relative to the atomizer body 1t) and barrel `14.

A `nozzle body indicated generally at 30 is provided at its rear end with an-internally threaded bore 31-and is screwed onto the externally threadedextension 32 of barrel 14,'the barrel being integrally formed with a shoulder or flange `33 adapted to abut the rear end of the nozzle body 30. The forward end of the nozzle body 30 is integrally formed with a reduced externally threaded `portion 34 providing a shoulder 35 and onto which is screwed an ,atomizer cap 36.

The nozzle body 30 is provided with a smooth reduced bore ,37 (Fig. 2) which communicates .atone end with the internallythreadedbore 31 and ,at `the other end with .a conical bore 3S. 'T he externally threaded portion 34 of the nozzle body 3d is provided with ,a smooth reduced bore 39 which communicates with the conical bore 38.

The forward end of the operating rod 26 is integrally formed with an enlarged cylindrical portion 4t) which connects with a reduced `cylindrical portion or extension 41 by means of afrustoconical portion 42, the cylindrical extension -41 beingvslidably received within the bore '39 while the frustofconical portion 42 is seated within the frusto-conicalboreSS. It vwillbe noted fromig. 2 that when the frusta-conical vportion 42 is seated within the conical bore 3,8 the'forward end of the extension 41 extends `slightly beyon'dthe forward `endor" .thecexternally threaded portion `.34. The cylindrical extension 41 tis provided with an annular groove 43 withinwhich is positioned an kO ring-seal '44'whereby to prevent thejpassage of oil through `bore 39, as will be obvious.

As shown in Fig. 2, the forward end of the externally threaded portion T34 of the nozzle body .30 `is formed with an annular groove 45 which communicates with a pai-r of oppositely `disposed -bores 46 provided 1in the the tangential slots 57 in the sprayer plate 48, allowing more oil to enter the whirling chamber 52. This m0- A circular sprayer plate 48 is mounted on the forward -L end of the nozzle body 30 by means of cap36.Y The outer face of the sprayer plate 48 is integrally formed with a cylindrical extension 49 which extends outwardly within an orifice 50 provided in the cap 36. The extension 49 is provided with a frusto-conical bore 51 which communicates with a reversed inner frusto-conical bore 52 through the reduced central bore 53, the outer conical bore 51 being in registry with an enlarged frusto-conical bore 54 provided in the cap 36.

An orifice tip 55 is suitably mounted in the end of the extension 41 and is normally disposed within the central bore 53 or orifice opening when the operating rod is in the position of Figs. 1 and 2.

The rear face of the sprayer plate 48 is provided with a circular recessed portion 56 which connects the annular groove 45 with the conical bore 52 when the extension 41 of rod 26 is displaced to the left of Figs. l and 2 in a manner to be hereinafter described, the recessed portion or whirling chamber 56 being provided with a plurality of tangential grooves 57 as shown in Fig. 5 and which communicate with the circumferential groove 45 with the conical bore 52 regardless of the position of the operating rod. Said bores 46 permit a minimum supply of fuel into the recess 56 for normal charging purposes prior to extra supply through the grooves 57.

As a means of effecting the desired adjustment of the operating rod, the rear end thereof is integrally formed with the frusto-conical extension 58 (Fig. l) which terminates in the reduced externally threaded portion 59. An operating handle 60 is integrally formed with the hub or mounting portion 61 having a frusto-conical internal bore 62 which receives therethrough the frusto-conical portion 58, the hub 61 being retained thereon by the nut 63. Thus, upon rotation of the operating handle 60, the operating rod will be rotated. The hub 61 is integrally formed with an indicating finger 64 which cooperates with a circular scale 65 mounted on the outer end of a hollow cap or sleeve 66 which is secured on the rear end of the atomizer body by means of the screws 67. When the frusto-conical plunger 42 is positioned or seated within the frusto-conical bore 38 (Figs. l and 2) the position of handle 60 will be as indicated in Fig. 6 with the indicator finger 64 pointing to the zero of the scale 65.

The handle 60 is provided with a plurality of longitudinally spaced openings 68 for automatic control of the handle. The details of such control mechanisms are well known to those skilled in the art and Will not, therefore, be discussed in detail.

In operation, oil enters the inlet 12 of the atomizer body at pressures ranging from 75 to 300 pounds per square inch, passing through the barrel 14 around the operating rod 26 where it enters the nozzle body 30. The oil then enters the two longitudinal bores 46 in the nozzle body 30 and passes into the circumferential groove 45 into whirling chamber or recess 56 and into the two tangential slots 57 in the sprayer plate 48. 'Ihe oil then enters into the whirling chamber of the sprayer plate 48 in a whirling motion and leaves through the orifice 53 restricted by the orifice tip 55. This condition of burning requires no setting of the plunger shaft and is used for low capacities.

To increase the burning capacity through the two bores 46 and slots 57 previously mentioned, the operating handle 60 is rotated counter-clockwise which causes the plunger 42 to move horizontally away from the frustoconical bore or seat 38 by means of the thread 27 on the operating rod. This movement uncovers the openings of tion also increases the area of the whirling chamber and simultaneously increases the area of the orifice 53 by means of the movement of the tip piece 55. With further rotation of the handle 60 in a counter-clockwise direction, the plunger will continue to move horizontally to open the four bores 47 in the nozzle body and the four additional slots 57 in the sprayer plate 48. It will be noted that for each change in position of the plunger 42 the areas of the whirling chamber and outlet orifice will also change proportionately to provide the required ratios of the areas of the slots 57, whirling chamber 52 and orifice 53. In a given furnace, best results for burning the oil eiciently will be found when the cone of atomized oil includes an angle varying only within very small limits. Since this angle in the burners described is largely determined by the relation between the total cross sectional areas of the tangential passages into the whirling chamber and the area of the orifice, no substantial changes in these factors may be allowed. An ordinary ratio between the area of the tangential passages and the area of the orifice is 1.0, approximately.

For the highest burning capacities, the handle 60 is rotated counter-clockwise until the threaded end of the operating rod is seated in the bore 25 of the atomizer body 10, allowing free passage of oil through all bores 46, 47 and slots or grooves 57. Motion of the operating shaft will be transmitted to the indicating finger 64 relative to the scale 65, which latter is graduated to show the various burning rates. The stufiing box gland 22 and packing 23 are provided for oil sealing purposes. The nozzle body 30 is screwed onto the barrel 14 until it seats tightly. The nozzle cap 36 is screwed on the nozzle body 30 and secures the sprayer plate 48. lt will be noted that the tangential slots 57 in the sprayer plate can be in any position since oil is fed through the circumferential groove 45 in the nozzle body 30. Therefore, no centering pins to match holes and slots are required.

It should now be apparent that there has been provided a wide range burner which will give burning ranges up to 20 to l and which will operate efiiciently for the minimum boiler capacity. It should also be apparent that there has been provided a wide range mechanical atomizer which will embody the principles of atomization based on a thorough study and experimental research, covering these principles.

While various changes may be made in the detail construction, it shall be understood that such changes shall be within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A burner for oil furnaces comprising a tube means, nozzle means fixed to one end of said tube, said nozzle means including a whirling chamber, oil passages substantially tangential to said whirling chamber, and an orifice, said nozzle means having a first plurality of bores directly connecting said tube with said oil passages, said nozzle means further having a second plurality of bores connecting said tube with said oil passages, the inlets of said first plurality of bores being spaced from the inlets of said second plurality of bores, plunger means adapted to close oft the inlets of said second plurality of bores, and slidably, rotatable means for moving said plunger means into operative position adjacent said nozzle means.

2. A burner according to claim 1, said nozzle means including a nozzle body secured to the end of said tube, and a sprayer plate on the end of said nozzle body.

3. A burner for oil furnaces comprising a tube, a nozzle body secured to one end of said tube, a sprayer plate secured to the end of said nozzle body, said sprayer plate having an orifice, and a whirling chamber extending into said orifice, said sprayer plate further having loil passages substantially tangential to said whirling chamber, said nozzle body having a rst plurality of longitudinally extending bores therethrough directly connecting said tube with the inlets of said oil passages, said nozzle body having a central bore communicating with said whirling chamber, said nozzle body at the end thereof remote from said whirling chamber having an enlarged bore communicating with said central bore and providing a seat, a plunger adapted to lit within said seat, said plunger including an extension extending through said central bore and therebeyond whereby to partially seal ofi the outlets of said oil passages when said plunger is within said seat, said nozzle body having a second plurality of bores connecting said seat with the inlets of said oil passages having inlets adapted to be closed off by movement of said plunger into said seat, and rotatable means for moving said plunger into operative position within said seat.

4. A burner according to claim 3, including an orilice tip carried by said plunger extension and extending within said orifice whereby to increase the area of said orilice as said whirling chamber area is increased upon movement of said plunger away from said seat.

5. A burner according to claim 3, the inner face of said sprayer plate having a substantially circular recessed portion communicating with said whirling chamber when said plunger is displaced from said seat, the outer end of said nozzle body having an annular groove connecting the outlets of said iirst and second plurality of bores with each other and with the inlets of said oil passages and said circular recessed portion.

6. A burner according to claim 3, said slidable, rotatable means for moving said plunger means being operable from the opposite end of said tube.

7. A burner according to claim 3, said slidable, rotatable means comprising a rotatable operating rod centrally located within the tube and arranged to be rotated only from the outer end of the tube, said operating rod having an externally threaded portion screw threaded to the other end of said tube, and manually operable means for rotating said operating rod.

8. A burner according to claim 7, said externally operable means for rotating said operating rod comprising a handle secured thereto, an indicating linger carried by said handle and cooperating scale means carried by the end of said tube whereby to indicate by a direct reading the -fuel consumption.

9. A burner for oil furnaces comprising a tube, a nozzle fixed at one end of said tube7 said nozzle having an annular groove, a sprayer plate forming a whirling chamber with the nozzle, an orice for the nozzle said nozzle having oil passages longitudinally extending from the tube to the forward part of the nozzle into the chamber, and passages radially extending to the groove, oil passages substantially tangential to the whirling chamber and the orifice, operable plunger means extending through the tube and the nozzle to close ott the radially extending passages, and the center of the nozzle.

References Cited in the iile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,539,784 Strachan May 26, 1925 FOREIGN PATENTS 17,793 Great Britain July 26, 1910 117,884 Great Britain Aug. 8, 1918 699,162 Great Britain Oct. 28, 1953 587,516 France Jan. 19, 1925 

